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PLC detailed introduction

The English name for programmable logic controller is Programmable Logic Controller, which was abbreviated as PC in the 1970s and 1980s. Due to the development of personal computers, also known as PCs, in the 1990s; In addition, the concept of programmable logic covers a wide range, so AB Company in the United States first named programmable logic controllers (PLCs). For convenience, PLC is still referred to as programmable logic controller. Some people refer to a system composed of programmable controllers as a PCS programmable control system, emphasizing that the manufacturer of programmable controllers has already provided people with a complete system.
The Development History of PLC
In 1968, General Motors of the United States proposed a requirement to replace relay control devices. The following year, Digital Corporation of the United States developed the first generation of programmable controllers, which met the requirements of GM’s assembly line. With the development of integrated circuit technology and computer technology, there are already fifth generation PLC products.
In the manufacturing industry characterized by changing geometric shape and mechanical properties, as well as in the process industry characterized by converting raw materials into products through physical and chemical changes, in addition to feedback control mainly based on continuous variables, there are a large number of open-loop sequential control mainly based on switch variables in the manufacturing industry, which operates in sequence according to logical conditions; In addition, there are controls for chain protection actions that are independent of sequence and timing and follow logical relationships; And a large number of state variables such as switch quantity, pulse quantity, timing, counter, analog quantity exceeding limit alarm are mainly collected and monitored for discrete quantity data. Due to these control and monitoring requirements, PLC has developed into a product that mainly replaces relay circuits and performs sequential control. Over the years of production practice, a tripartite balance has gradually emerged between PLC, DCS, and IPC, as shown in Table 1. Other single circuit intelligent regulators also account for a certain percentage in the market.
The period from the 1980s to the mid-1990s was the fastest growing period for PLC, with an annual growth rate of 30-40%. Due to the advancement of simulation capabilities and network functions of PLC machines, they have squeezed out a portion of the DCS market (process control) and gradually monopolized industries such as wastewater treatment. However, with the emergence of industrial PCs (IPC), especially the development of fieldbus technology, IPC and FCS have also squeezed out a portion of the PLC market. Therefore, the growth rate of PLC is generally slowing down. There are over 200 manufacturers worldwide producing over 300 varieties of PLC products, mainly used in industries such as automotive (23%), grain processing (16.4%), chemical/pharmaceutical (14.6%), metal/mining (11.5%), pulp/paper (11.3%), etc.


Market situation of PLC
There are about 30 domestic PLC production plants, but they have not formed a significant production capacity and branded products. Some of them are produced through imitation, incoming assembly, or “OEM” methods. Therefore, it can be said that PLC has not formed a manufacturing industry in China. As a product with no cutting-edge technical difficulties in terms of principles, technology, and processes, with hard work, it can form a manufacturing industry.
In terms of PLC applications, China is very active, with approximately 100000 new sets of PLC products invested each year and an annual sales revenue of 3 billion yuan. The industry is also widely used. However, compared to other countries, there is still a need to increase investment in the application of mechanical processing and production lines.
The market potential of PLC is enormous, not only in China, but also in industrialized Japan. Surveys have shown that the proportion of electromechanical integrated products matched with PLC accounts for 42%, and 24% are controlled by relays and contactors. So, there are still many occasions where PLC needs to be applied, and this is even more so in China.
From the perspective of technological innovation, China’s large and medium-sized enterprises still need to vigorously develop CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System), and form FMS flexible manufacturing systems in mechanical manufacturing plants. PLC is the foundation, so the PLC market is broad.
PLC has the advantages of stability, reliability, low price, complete functions, flexible and convenient application, and easy operation and maintenance. This is the fundamental reason why it can sustainably occupy the market. Below, we will focus on several issues and study its development trends.

No free Loong Boat Festival on the Dragon Boat Festival in 2024

Dragon Boat Festival holiday
It’s about to arrive
No compensatory leave this time! Congratulations!
The editor has started counting the days
I’m looking forward to it!!!
Have you decided where to go to play?
Friends who travel by car definitely want to ask
Is the expressway free during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday?
Hurry up and let’s take a look together

Is the expressway free during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday?
According to the Implementation Plan for Exempting Small Bus Tolls on Major Holidays, the time range for free passage on highways includes four national statutory holidays: Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Labor Day, and National Day.
So the expressway is not free on Loong Boat Festival!
This year’s highway free time is still available: National Day from 0:00 on October 1st to 24:00 on October 7th, for a total of 7 days!
The holiday is Loong Boat Festival from June 8 to 10
Loong Boat Festival holiday on June 10 (Monday)
Connected to weekends, for a total of 3 days, no need for compensatory leave

What does the industrial control industry do

Industrial automation control
The industrial control industry, also known as industrial automation control, mainly utilizes electronic and electrical, mechanical, and software combinations to achieve automation, efficiency, precision, and controllability and visibility in factory production and manufacturing processes through computer technology, microelectronics technology, and electrical means. This field is a general term for tools involved in the detection and control of production processes, their electromechanical equipment, and process equipment, which have computer properties and characteristics, such as having a CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and connections, and equipped with real-time operating systems, control networks and protocols, computing power, and friendly human-machine interfaces.
The industrial control industry has a wide range of application scenarios, including factory automation (FA) and process automation (PA). Factory automation is mainly applied in discrete industries, such as textile machinery and packaging machinery, with a focus on precise control; And process automation mainly controls continuous variables, focusing on controlling stability, and is applied in industries such as metallurgy and chemical industry.


The functions of industrial control products can be mainly divided into three levels: control layer, driver layer, and execution layer. The control layer realizes the analysis, processing, and allocation of tasks; The driver layer decodes the tasks of the control layer into signals that can be recognized by motors, valves, etc; The execution layer executes the corresponding tasks.
The development of the industrial control industry is closely related to the manufacturing industry and has strong pro cyclical characteristics. With the increase in investment activities in the manufacturing industry, the demand in the industrial control industry has also grown. In addition, the industrial control industry is closely related to the macroeconomic operation, and the market size of industrial control products is greatly affected by economic fluctuations.
In summary, the industrial control industry improves the efficiency and quality of industrial production through automation technology, which is an important upstream industry in the manufacturing industry and plays a key role in promoting industrial modernization and intelligent development.

The Customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in China

Eating zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival is one of the festival customs. Zong, or “zongzi”, commonly known as “Zongzi”, is one of the “zongzi”. “籺” is a tribute used to worship gods and ancestors during festivals. There are many varieties of “籺”, and different festivals will make different dishes. Making dishes to worship gods and ancestors is an ancient custom. The main ingredients of zongzi are rice, filling, and bamboo leaves (or new leaves). Due to the different eating habits in different places, Zongzi has formed a northern and southern flavor; In terms of taste, Zongzi can be divided into salty zongzi and sweet zongzi.
The custom of eating zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival has been prevalent in China for thousands of years and has become one of the most influential and widely covered folk dietary customs of the Chinese nation, and has been passed down to Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries.
historical origin
Zongzi, a type of rice dumpling, has a long history and a variety of patterns. The ancients boiled rice (or millet) wrapped in new leaves, bamboo leaves, or reed leaves, with sharp edges resembling the shape of a heart, called zongzi (zongzi). It is an ancient traditional custom to worship gods and ancestors during festivals and festivals. The Classic of Mountains and Seas – Nanshan Jing: The head of Mount Que, from the Zhaoyao Mountain to the Jiwei Mountain, covers ten mountains, 2950 miles, with a bird body and a dragon head in its divine form. The ritual of his ancestral temple: Mao, buried with a piece of jade; Do not use rice, one wall, rice and white Ying as mats.
Zongzi was originally used as a tribute to worship gods and ancestors during the Dragon Boat Festival; By the Jin Dynasty, it had already been popularized throughout the country and officially designated as food for the Dragon Boat Festival. In the “Fengtu Ji” of the Jin and Zhou dynasties, it is said that “during the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, we cook cornstarch.” The cornstarch is wrapped in zizania leaves (zizania leaves) to form cow horns, known as “cornstarch.”; Using bamboo tubes to seal and bake rice, it is called “tube zongzi”. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, millet was soaked in ash water from plants and trees. Due to the presence of alkali in the water, millet was wrapped in bamboo leaves in a square shape and cooked to become Guangdong alkaline water zongzi.
evolution
Zongzi, also known as “corn millet”, “drum dumplings”, etc. The original work of the word “Zong” is “糉񌊉񌊉񌊉񌊉񌊉񌊉񌊉秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚秚. In the “Fengshi Ji” written by Zhou Chu, the Prefect of Xinping in the Western Jin Dynasty, the term “Jiaoshu” was explicitly mentioned: “In the middle of summer, at the end of the fifth year, Fang Boxie reached the extreme. Enjoying Jiaoshu, the turtle scales were Shunde.”.
During the Jin Dynasty, zongzi was officially designated as a food for the Dragon Boat Festival. According to the “Yueyang Fengtu Ji” written by the local people, “It is common to wrap millet with wild rice leaves and cook them until they are ripe. They are eaten from May 5th to the summer solstice, and are called zongzi and millet.” During the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, mixed zongzi appeared. The rice is mixed with animal meat, chestnuts, red dates, red beans, etc., resulting in an increase in variety. Zongzi is also used as a gift for communication.
By the Tang Dynasty, Zongzi rice had become “as white as jade”, and its shape appeared cone and diamond. The Japanese literature records “Zongzi of the Tang Dynasty”. During the Song Dynasty, there was already “preserved rice dumplings”, which means that fruits were added to the rice dumplings. The poet Su Dongpo once said, “I see yangmei in the zongzi.”. At this time, there were advertisements made with Zongzi stacked into pavilions and wooden carts, indicating that eating Zongzi was very fashionable in the Song Dynasty.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Zongzi became an auspicious food. According to Qu Dajun’s “Guangdong New Language” in the Qing Dynasty, “From the first day of the fifth lunar month to the fifth day, the millet is tied with zongzi heart grass and rolled with new leaves.” It is said that at that time, all the scholars who took the imperial examination had to eat the “brush zongzi” specially made by their families before going to the examination room, which looked thin and long like a brush, homophonic with “must hit”, in order to win praise.
At the beginning of May every year, Chinese people soak glutinous rice, wash the leaves, and wrap Zongzi at home, with a wide variety of designs and colors. From the filling, Beijing jujube zongzi, which is often wrapped with small dates in the north, is more common; In the south, there are bean paste, fresh meat, ham, egg yolk and other fillings, with Zongzi in Jiaxing, Zhejiang as the representative.

Local characteristics

Eating zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival is a widely popular traditional custom in China. The main ingredients of zongzi are rice, filling, and bamboo leaves (or new leaves). The “plant leaves” used to wrap Zongzi are collectively called zongzi leaves. The traditional form of Zongzi is a triangle, which is usually named according to the inside. The types of Zongzi can be divided into two categories: salty and sweet Zongzi; From the filling of Zongzi, salty zongzi include meat zongzi, bacon egg yolk zongzi, mushroom zongzi, abalone zongzi, lotus seed zongzi, etc., and sweet zongzi include fruit zongzi, bean paste zongzi, jujube zongzi, taro zongzi, etc; In addition to these, there are also some people in certain regions who love to eat alkaline water zongzi and white zongzi. Zongzi in the north is mostly simple white rice, red beans, dates, dipped in sugar. In the south, Zongzi is rich in taste. Fresh meat, ham, clams, egg yolks, bean paste, ribs, honey dates, lotus, etc. can all become delicious in Zongzi. The shapes often reflect regional characteristics.
Zongzi: Zongzi is a long and thin quadrangle, with fresh meat, jujube paste, bean paste, lard with sand and other varieties. It has the characteristics of exquisite ingredients and fine production.
Zongzi: a representative variety of Zongzi in the south, Zongzi Zongzi has a unique shape, with a square front and a sharp corner raised at the back, like an awl. In addition to fresh meat zongzi, ham zongzi, clam shaped zongzi, and bean paste zongzi, there are also egg yolk zongzi made with salted egg yolks.
Zongzi: Zongzi is a square cone wrapped by banana leaves and weighs about half a kilogram. There are salted egg yolks, Grilled pork, bacon, braised chicken wings, etc. in glutinous rice. When hot zongzi is peeled, it has the fragrance of banana and glutinous rice first, followed by the fragrance of meat and eggs.
Minnan Zongzi: Pork dumplings and alkaline dumplings are famous at home and abroad. Braised meat zongzi is exquisitely crafted, with high-quality glutinous rice being a must-have. Three layers of pork are chosen, marinated first until fragrant and rotten, and then mixed with shiitake mushrooms, shrimp, lotus seeds, braised meat soup, white sugar, and other ingredients. When eating, it is dipped in various seasonings, making it sweet and tender.
Zongzi: People in Zongzi are fond of spicy food, so they can also be sweet and spicy. The hot dumplings in Sichuan are made by soaking glutinous rice and red beans for 5 to 6 hours, pouring out water, adding pepper powder, Sichuan salt, monosodium glutamate and a little bacon, and wrapping Zongzi leaves into 60 grams of quadrangular dumplings.
Zongzi: The representative variety of Zongzi in the north, Zongzi Zongzi is a large, oblique quadrangle or triangle. Most of the products available in the market are glutinous rice dumplings. In rural areas, it is still customary to eat rhubarb rice dumplings. Sticky and fragrant, it has a special flavor. Most Zongzi in Beijing use red dates and bean paste as fillings, and a few also use preserved fruit as fillings.

Regardless of physical condition, randomly supplement, the more supplement, the more deficiency!

With the rapid development of society, now everyone has some degree of illness!
The pressure of life is increasing, and the number of sub healthy people is also increasing. According to relevant data, only 5% of the world’s truly healthy population is in sub healthy state, and the total population in sub healthy state accounts for 75%.
Among them, the sub healthy population in China has already reached 70%, which means that more than 900 million Chinese people are in a sub healthy state. In order to maintain health, many people will use various methods to supplement.
However, if one starts to supplement without understanding their physical condition, it may have the opposite effect and make the body even weaker.
Images from the internet
Therefore, when we nourish and regulate our bodies in daily life, we must follow our own physical constitution.
The first step in health preservation: Identify physical constitution!
Physical constitution refers to the comprehensive and stable characteristics of the human body’s morphological structure, physiological functions, and psychological state displayed under the combined effects of innate genetics and acquired environment.
The Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine released the “Classification and Determination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution” on March 26, 2009, which clearly stated that currently, the most authoritative classification of traditional Chinese medicine constitution is 9 types, including 1 mild constitution and 8 biased constitution.
The peaceful constitution represents a healthy physiological state, while the other eight biased constitutions – qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm dampness, damp heat, qi stagnation, blood stasis, and intrinsic qualities – are considered as manifestations of sub healthy states.
What are the manifestations of sub-health status? Sudden lack of energy, fatigue, lethargy, distraction, chest tightness, palpitations, insomnia, pain in various parts of the body, dizziness, menstrual disorders, and sexual dysfunction are common manifestations of sub-health.
It is not difficult to find in daily life that some people do not gain weight no matter how they eat, while others gain weight as soon as they eat; Some people are not afraid of cold or hot, while others often feel cold; Some people have delicate skin, while others have many skin problems.
The differences in these situations are actually closely related to an individual’s physical condition!
Traditional Chinese medicine identifies and divides a person’s physique based on their body shape, skin color, posture, speech and behavior, and their ability to adapt to the external environment.
If you want to have a healthy physique, the most crucial thing is to understand and determine your physical type, and then choose targeted and effective health plans that suit you, in order to effectively adjust your body condition and achieve the best health results.
This can not only effectively improve one’s health condition, but also achieve twice the result with half the effort in the process of health preservation.
If the body is sick, the tongue will first “report”
We have the most sensitive organ in our body, and almost all systemic diseases can be most intuitively reflected on this organ, which is the tongue.
By combining the tongue images of traditional Chinese medicine with various other body information, we can comprehensively judge and identify our physical constitution, which is the relatively stable inherent characteristic of each of us.
In history, many medical classics, such as “Su Wen”, can be treated with tongue to tongue conversion; The divine physician Hua Tuo died with his tongue curled black; The Golden Chamber states that the tongue can be lowered with yellow color; The Treatise on Cold Damage includes a white tongue with slippery coating and a dry and urgent tongue; The “Tongue Diagnosis and Correction” discusses that distinguishing the tongue is better than diagnosing the pulse, and also emphasizes the importance of tongue diagnosis.
In the diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, “tongue image” is an indispensable part, reflecting a person’s physical condition, such as cold and heat deficiency and excess, disease severity, qi and blood rise and fall, and disease location.
Modern instruments may not be able to detect various negative emotions in humans, but traditional Chinese medicine constitution identification can do so, and the biased state of various constitutions is actually the internal root of disease disorders.
Among them, tongue diagnosis is one of the most common and practical diagnostic and treatment methods in traditional Chinese medicine. It is not only simple and easy to implement, but also objectively and accurately reflects the condition, providing important basis for understanding the development and changes of diseases.
Tongue diagnosis is also an important component of the “four diagnostic methods” in traditional Chinese medicine. Doctors can use tongue diagnosis to diagnose symptoms and apply medication. If ordinary people can also master tongue observation, which is the most intuitive technique to show our physical health status, it will undoubtedly help prevent diseases and improve health levels.
Daily health can be regulated through traditional Chinese medicine!
Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years, and its treatment methods are rich and diverse. The core treatment methods include eight methods: sweating, vomiting, descending, harmonizing, warming, clearing, dissipating, and tonifying.
As stated in “Medical Mind Enlightenment”: “When it comes to the reliance on diseases, the eight characters of cold, heat, deficiency, excess, exterior, interior, yin, and yang are used to unify them. When it comes to the prescription of diseases, the eight methods of sweating, vomiting, descending, harmonizing, warming, clearing, eliminating, and supplementing are used to complete them.”
It may also be known from the daily life of health preservation, treatment and recuperation that the methods of Chinese medicine recuperate the body mainly include acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, scraping therapy, massage therapy, Chinese medicine therapy, etc.
With a clear understanding of physical fitness and health status, targeted combination of one or more appropriate conditioning methods can maximize the therapeutic effect and efficiently and accurately regulate a healthy and comfortable living state.
Modern instruments may not be able to detect various negative emotions in humans, but traditional Chinese medicine constitution identification can do so, and the biased state of various constitutions is actually the internal root of disease disorders.
Among them, tongue diagnosis is one of the most common and practical diagnostic and treatment methods in traditional Chinese medicine. It is not only simple and easy to implement, but also objectively and accurately reflects the condition, providing important basis for understanding the development and changes of diseases.
Tongue diagnosis is also an important component of the “four diagnostic methods” in traditional Chinese medicine. Doctors can use tongue diagnosis to diagnose symptoms and apply medication. If ordinary people can also master tongue observation, which is the most intuitive technique to show our physical health status, it will undoubtedly help prevent diseases and improve health levels.
Daily health can be regulated through traditional Chinese medicine!

The Development History of Automation

in 946, D., a mechanical engineer at Ford Motor Company in the United States S. Harde first proposed the term “automation” and used it to describe the process of automatic transmission and machining of engine cylinders. In the 1950s, the development of automatic regulators and classical control theory led automation into a local automation stage dominated by single variable automatic regulation systems. In the 1960s, with the emergence of modern control theory and the promotion and application of electronic computers, automatic control and information processing were combined, bringing automation into the comprehensive automation stage of optimal control and management in the production process.
In the 1970s, the object of automation became large-scale, complex engineering and non engineering systems, involving many problems that were difficult to solve with modern control theory. The study of these issues has promoted innovation in the theory, methods, and means of automation, leading to the emergence of large-scale system control and intelligent control of complex systems. Advanced automation systems that comprehensively utilize achievements in computer, communication technology, system engineering, and artificial intelligence have emerged, such as flexible manufacturing systems, office automation, intelligent robots, expert systems, decision support systems, computer integrated manufacturing systems, etc.
The emergence and application of automatic devices dates back to the 18th century. The formation period of automation technology was from the late 18th century to the 1930s. In 1788, British mechanic J. Watt invented the centrifugal governor (also known as the flyball governor) and connected it to the valve of the steam engine to form a closed-loop automatic control system for the speed of the steam engine. Watt’s invention opened a new era in the application of modern automatic control devices and had a significant impact on the development of the first industrial revolution and later control theory. People have started to use automatic adjustment devices to address control issues raised in industrial production. These regulators are devices that track given values, keeping some physical quantities near the given values. The application of automatic regulators marks a new historical period for automation technology. After entering the 20th century, various automatic regulating devices were widely used in industrial production, promoting the analysis and comprehensive research of regulating systems. Although feedback control structures were widely used in automatic regulators during this period, theoretical research on the principles of feedback control began in the 1920s. In 1833, British mathematician C. Babbage first proposed the principle of program control when designing analytical machines. In 1939, the world’s first group of professional research institutions on systems and control were established, which made theoretical and organizational preparations for the formation of classical control theory and the development of local automation in the 1940s.


The 1940s to 1950s were the period of local automation, and the classic control theory formed during the Second World War played an important role in promoting the development of local automation after the war. In the process of solving the problem, classical control theory was formed, and various precision automatic adjustment devices were designed, opening up a new scientific field of systems and control. This new discipline was called servo mechanism theory in the United States at the time and automatic adjustment theory in the Soviet Union, mainly aimed at solving single variable control problems. The name classical control theory was proposed at the first United States Joint Conference on Automatic Control in 1960. After 1945, due to the lifting of the wartime publishing ban, there were works that systematically expounded classical control theory. In 1945, American mathematician Wiener N. extended the concept of feedback to all control systems. After the 1950s, there were many new developments in classical control theory.. The methods of classical control theory can basically meet the needs of military technology during World War II and the needs of post-war industrial development. But by the late 1950s, it was discovered that applying the methods of classical control theory to multivariable systems would lead to incorrect conclusions. The methods of classical control theory have their limitations.
The invention of electronic digital computers in the mid-1940s ushered in a new era of digital program control. Although it was still limited to automatic computing at that time, the successful manufacturing of ENIAC and EDVAC opened up a new era of electronic digital program control. The invention of electronic digital computers laid the foundation for the widespread application of program control and logic control in control systems in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the widespread use of electronic digital computers to directly control production processes.
Since the late 1950s, it has been a period of comprehensive automation, during which space technology has developed rapidly and there is an urgent need to solve the optimal control problem of multivariable systems. So modern control theory was born. The formation and development of modern control theory have laid the theoretical foundation for comprehensive automation. At the same time, microelectronics technology has made new breakthroughs. Transistor computers emerged in 1958, integrated circuit computers emerged in 1965, and single-chip microprocessors emerged in 1971. The emergence of microprocessors has had a significant impact on control technology, and control engineers can easily use microprocessors to achieve various complex controls, making comprehensive automation a reality. “Automation” is an American D S. Harder proposed in 1936 that in a production process, the transfer of parts between machines does not require human handling, which is called “automation”.
On February 25, 2022, Hunan Huada Dana Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd. produced the first integrated automated nucleic acid testing laboratory in the province, which was launched in the eastern industrial park of Yiyang High tech Zone.

ABB Talent Growth and R&D Development

Talent: Local Growth
ABB values the cultivation of local talents and actively creates favorable development opportunities for its employees. In 2003, ABB was named one of the top 10 “Excellent Employers” in China in a survey conducted jointly by media outlets such as Fortune and Yahoo. In early 2006, ABB was named one of the most popular employers by college students in a survey organized by 51job website. In 2009, ABB was selected as one of the “Top 10 Best Employers in the Energy/Electrical/Chemical Industry” in the 7th China University Student Best Employer Survey initiated by China Talent Network, becoming the most popular job seeking enterprise among Chinese university students. In 2013, ABB was selected as one of the most ethical companies in the world. In 2012, researchers from ABB Group’s China Research Institute were also awarded the “Capital Labor Medal” by the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions.


R&D: Local development
ABB adheres to the development strategy of “in China, for China and the world”, promotes the localization of technology research and development, and continuously improves local research and innovation capabilities through continuous investment and optimization of research and development layout. In 2005, ABB established one of the seven global research and development centers in China. ABB China’s R&D team has made a series of R&D achievements, developing the smallest robot IRB 120 “Chinese Loong”, the world’s fastest stacking robot IRB 460, door opening robots and welding robots used in the automobile manufacturing industry, the award-winning “Mingyue” intelligent building intercom system, and future oriented products such as compact gas insulated switchgear ZX1.5-R SP, TEC ST smart transformer, 550 kV gas insulated switchgear, and ring network cabinets that can be applied to 90% of China’s high-altitude areas. In 2012, the first ± 800kV high-voltage direct current transformer manufactured by ABB Chongqing passed testing and began offline production, which is currently the highest voltage level transformer product produced by ABB in China; At the same time, ABB has closely cooperated with State Grid to successfully develop ± 1100 kV converter transformers, continuously achieving milestone breakthroughs in the field of ultra-high voltage direct current research and development.
With globally leading product technology and solutions, ABB actively helps domestic customers increase efficiency and energy conservation, and promotes the development of renewable resources, contributing its own strength to achieving China’s green and eco-friendly sustainable development. Over the past 10 years, ABB has provided domestic customers with frequency converters that have saved 157 billion kilowatt hours of electricity, equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of 56 million households; ABB’s high-efficiency motor products only helped domestic customers save 240 million kilowatt hours of electricity in 2012, equivalent to reducing 200000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, ABB provides leading converters, generators, substations, and battery energy storage facilities for major domestic projects such as onshore wind farms and offshore intertidal wind farms, helping China build a globally leading green power grid.

ABB’s development history

The relationship between ABB and China can be traced back to 1907 at the beginning of the last century. At that time, ABB provided China with the first steam boiler. In 1974, ABB established its China business unit in Hong Kong and established an office in Beijing in 1979. In 1992, ABB invested and established its first joint venture in Xiamen. In 1994, ABB relocated its headquarters in China to Beijing and officially registered its investment holding company, ABB (China) Co., Ltd., in 1995.
After years of rapid development, ABB has established 36 enterprises in China and sales and service branches and offices in 90 cities. It has a comprehensive business of research and development, production, engineering, sales and services, and approximately 19000 employees. In 2012, ABB’s sales revenue in China exceeded 5.2 billion US dollars, maintaining ABB Group’s position as the world’s second largest market.
ABB has established strong production, engineering, and service bases in areas such as power transmission and distribution, automation products, and systems through close cooperation with local partners in China. The business includes a complete series of power transformers and distribution transformers; Application of high, medium, and low voltage switches; Electrical transmission system and motor, etc. These products have been widely used in industry, commerce, electricity, and public utilities.

Driven by ABB China’s strategic initiatives, its service business has maintained a strong upward trend, with sales revenue and order volume both achieving nearly 15% growth. In 2012, ABB built three new service centers in Suzhou, Nanjing, and Guangzhou to further connect with customers.
In 2012, ABB launched two industrial robots and leading solutions to further expand its product portfolio. ABB robots are not only widely used in traditional automotive industry, but also continuously expanding new applications in fields such as 3C, food and beverage, medicine, and feed processing. ABB robots not only help domestic customers improve production efficiency and reduce operating costs by up to 50%, but also liberate workers from intensive and repetitive physical labor, while significantly improving product quality.
On March 6, 2013, ABB announced its business performance in China for 2012, with stable growth in sales revenue exceeding 5.2 billion US dollars. This performance was mainly due to the increase in market demand for improving domestic manufacturing and infrastructure construction, as well as the sustained growth of ABB’s export business.

Application of automated robotic arms and automated production lines in various industries of the national economy

1. Diversification of raw materials
The first major category is the mechanical manufacturing industry, which includes the processing of durable consumer goods such as clocks, sewing machines, bicycles, and household appliances using metal materials as raw materials. The second category is based on non-metallic materials such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sidelines, and chemical products as raw materials for processing. For example, pastry machinery in food machinery mainly uses agricultural products as raw materials; Canning and brewing machinery mainly use agricultural and sideline products as processing materials; Pulp and paper machinery uses forest products and agricultural by-products as raw materials; Leather machinery mainly uses livestock products as raw materials; Ceramics, glass, and plastic machinery use minerals and chemical products as their raw materials. It indicates that automated robotic arms and automated production lines are widely used in various fields.
2. Diverse types of automated robotic arms and automated production line processes;
(1) Metal cutting and assembly are used to complete mechanical functions.
(2) Tobacco is the one that completes physical functions.
(3) Fermentation is the process that completes biochemical reactions.
(4) Electroplating and corrosion are the processes that complete electrochemical reactions.
(5) The processes that complete chemical reactions include cooking in papermaking machinery and melting in light bulb machinery.
3. Diverse categories and diverse structures
There are many industrial categories, and the machinery used varies greatly in terms of principles and motion mechanisms due to different industries, processed products, functions, and functions. Even those that perform the same function may have different working principles and mechanisms. If different equipment can be used to process the same product on a mechanical processing production line, the automated robotic arm applied to it may also differ from the automated production line; Candy packaging machines have various different process principles and structures; The light bulb winding machine can be divided into non core, continuous with core, and discontinuous with core winding machines due to different process principles.
4. Large product volume and high degree of automation
Industrial products are essential for people’s daily lives, and therefore require mass production, which inevitably requires the widespread use of semi-automatic and automated robotic arms. As a result, the application of automated production lines is becoming increasingly widespread.
5. Industrial automation robotic arms often have characteristics such as complex movements, high mechanism movement speed, wide range of disciplines, and fast updates.
Fold and edit the composition structure of this paragraph


The automated robotic arm consists of five main parts:
Drive system: It is the power source of an automatic robotic arm, which can be electric motor drive, hydraulic drive, pneumatic drive, etc.
Transmission system: Its function is to transmit motion and power to various executing mechanisms to complete the process operations of automated robotic arms, while also transmitting motion to auxiliary mechanisms to complete auxiliary actions. This includes belt drive, gear drive mechanism, etc.
Execution mechanism: It is the part that realizes automated and auxiliary operations, and its action sequence and motion law are determined by the process principles and requirements.
Control system: Its function is to control the driving system, transmission system, and execution mechanism of the machine, allocate motion to each execution mechanism, and make them coordinate actions on time and in sequence.
Detection system: Its function is to detect the position, stroke, speed, pressure, flow rate, etc. of the automated robotic arm and provide feedback to the control system.
The development direction of folding and editing this paragraph
With the rapid development of China’s national economy and industry, the variety, scale, design and manufacturing technology of industrial automation robots have also been rapidly developed and improved. It has become an inevitable trend to independently design and manufacture from single machines to complete sets of equipment and even automatic production lines.
With the development of new materials, processes, and technologies, various automated robotic arms are rapidly advancing towards mechatronics and intelligence.
Mechatronics integration is the result of various technologies permeating each other, and its main related technologies can be summarized into six aspects: mechanical technology, detection and sensing technology, information processing technology, automatic control technology, servo transmission technology, and overall system technology.

Introduction to Electrical Automation

In 1908, Tang Wenzhi, the then president of the Shanghai Higher Industrial School (now Jiaotong University) under the Ministry of Posts and Communications, adjusted the departmental structure. We have successively added railway and electrical engineering majors with a three-year education system, marking the beginning of higher education in electrical engineering in China. This is the earliest electrical engineering major. With the development of electricity and the need for social division of labor, Jiaotong University changed its Electrical Engineering Department to Electrical Machinery Department in 1913. In 1917, the Electrical Machinery Department began to establish wireless switches. In 1928, it was changed to the School of Electrical Engineering, and in 1937, it was changed to a department, divided into “Power Gate” and “Telecommunications Gate”, namely “Strong Electric” and “Weak Electric”.
In 1912, Tongji Medical and Engineering School (now Tongji University) established the Department of Electrical Engineering, which has now developed into the Department of Electrical Engineering of the School of Electronic and Information Engineering at Tongji University; In 1920, the Public Industrial Specialized School (now Zhejiang University) established the Department of Electrical Engineering, which has now developed into the School of Electrical Engineering at Zhejiang University; In 1923, the Department of Electrical Engineering was established at Central University (now Southeast University); In 1932, Tsinghua University established the Department of Electrical Engineering, which has now developed into the Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronic Technology; In 1933, the Department of Electrical Engineering was established at Beiyang University (now Tianjin University), which has now developed into the School of Electrical and Automation Engineering at Tianjin University.


In 1952, China underwent a large-scale departmental adjustment, leading to the emergence of a group of multidisciplinary universities with engineering as the main focus, as well as a group of mechanical and electrical colleges. These colleges basically established departments of electrical engineering or power engineering.
In 1977, after the restoration of the college entrance examination system, most universities gradually changed their “Department of Electrical Engineering” or “Department of Electric Power Engineering” to “Department of Electrical Engineering”. After the 1990s, it was gradually renamed as the School of Electrical Engineering.
In 1993, in the catalog of undergraduate majors in ordinary higher education institutions issued by the Ministry of Education, electrical related majors in the engineering category were divided into two branches: electrical engineering and electronics and information. Electrical engineering includes five majors: motor and electrical appliances and their control, power system and its automation, high voltage and insulation technology, industrial automation, and electrical technology.
In 1998, the Ministry of Education issued the “Catalogue of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Higher Education Institutions (1998)”, which merged electrical engineering and electronics and information into electrical information. The original 19 majors were merged into 7. Among them, the majors of motor and electrical appliances and their control, power system and its automation, high voltage and insulation technology, and electrical technology in the original electrical engineering category have been merged into the majors of electrical engineering and its automation.
In 2012, the Ministry of Education issued the “Catalogue of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Higher Education Institutions (2012)”, which merged the original Electrical Engineering and Automation major with the Electrical Engineering and Automation, Electrical Information Engineering, Power Engineering and Management, Electrical Technology Education, and Intelligent Electrical Machinery and Electrical Appliances special majors to form the Electrical Engineering and Automation major.

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